Bone cancer is one type of cancer is fairly common in Indonesia. Unlike cervical cancer or breast cancer, information about the symptoms of bone cancer is still very small. Therefore, bone cancer is often diagnosed late in a state.
According to Dr Nicolaas Budhiparama FICS Jr. of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty of medicine / Dharmais Cancer Hospital in the lecture on "bone cancer" for the common people, on Tuesday (11 / 4), the prevalence of bone cancer in Indonesia is not yet known because there was no registration of it. What is clear, every year Dharmais Cancer Hospital care for 50-60 patients with malignant bone cancer.
According to Dr Nicolaas Budhiparama FICS Jr. of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty of medicine / Dharmais Cancer Hospital in the lecture on "bone cancer" for the common people, on Tuesday (11 / 4), the prevalence of bone cancer in Indonesia is not yet known because there was no registration of it. What is clear, every year Dharmais Cancer Hospital care for 50-60 patients with malignant bone cancer.
Ordinary people are often unaware of the existence of bone cancer, because the symptoms are similar to rheumatism and osteoporosis, including pain in the bones or joints and the swelling or lumps. It also led doctors to diagnose difficult bone cancer.
"To facilitate the diagnosis, x-rays should be made. With it can compare and know whether the tumor, rheumatism or osteoporosis. Another way to CT Scan and MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)," said Budhiparama.
So far not known to cause bone cancer. There is a hypothesis about its association with genetic. But there is no strong evidence.
A dozen yearsDharmais Cancer Hospital, most patients was a teenager, between 13-20 years. "There are many types of tumors found in young people such as osteosarcoma (cancer originating from bone itself)," explained Budhiparama.
There are 53 types of bone cancer. In addition to osteosarcoma, type of bone cancer which many in Indonesia is khondrosarkoma (bone cancer in soft tissue) and giant cell tumor (benign tumors that destroy bone). Bone cancer that had spread to the pelvis or spine dangerous, the patient could become paralyzed.
Handling all kinds of bone cancer, which had to be amputated because of tumor mass is too large or who just scraped because it is still small.
In the 1960s only bone cancer surgery / amputation. Life expectancy at 20 percent. In the 1980s with a therapy aide, life expectancy increased to 80 percent. Now patients with malignant tumors were given chemotherapy before surgery to prevent the proliferation of tumor spread and kill children.
Today on bone cancer surgery, patients are not amputated, but cleared the tumor and surrounding soft tissue, and then taken part reconstructed with artificial bone (prosthese) or with human bone (allograft) to restore the function of tool motion. Human bone obtained from donors who were taken up to four hours after death and preserved at a temperature of - 80 degrees Celsius.
But in general, bone cancer can be divided into 2 :
Primary Bone Cancer
DEFINITIONSThere are 2 kinds of bone cancer:Metastatic bone cancer or secondary bone cancer: cancer of other organs that spread to the bone, so it is not derived from bone cancer.An example is lung cancer that spread to bone, where the cancer cells resemble lung cells and is not a bone cell.Primary bone cancer: a cancer originating from bone.Which belong to the primary bone cancer are:
* Multiple myeloma
* Osteosarkoma
* Fibrosarkoma & Histiositoma malignant fibrous
* Kondrosarkom
* Tumor Ewing
* Bone Malignant Lymphoma.
Multiple myeloma
Multiple myeloma is a primary bone cancer most often found, which is derived from bone marrow cells that produce blood cells.Generally occurs in adults.
These tumors can be on one or more bones so that pain can appear at one place or more.Complex treatment, which include chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgery.
Osteosarcoma
Osteosarcoma (Sarcoma Osteogenik) is a malignant bone tumor, which is usually associated with periods of growth velocity during adolescence.
Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant tumor found in children. On average, the disease is diagnosed at the age of 15 years.The incidence in boys and girls are the same, but in late adolescence this disease are more common in boys.
The exact cause is unknown. The evidence supports that osteosarcoma is an inherited disease.
Osteosarcoma tends to grow in the femur (lower end), the upper arm bone (top) and the tibia (upper end).The tip of these bones is an area where there is a change and the largest growth rate. However, osteosarcoma can also grow in other bones.
The most common symptom is pain. In line with the growth of tumors, also can be swelling and limited movement.Tumors in the legs cause limping patients, whereas the tumor on the arm causes pain when the arm used to lift a thing.Swelling of the tumor may be felt warm and slightly flushed.
Early signs of this disease may be a broken bone because tumors can cause bones to become weak. Fractures in the growth of tumor called a pathological fracture and often occurs after a routine movement
"To facilitate the diagnosis, x-rays should be made. With it can compare and know whether the tumor, rheumatism or osteoporosis. Another way to CT Scan and MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)," said Budhiparama.
So far not known to cause bone cancer. There is a hypothesis about its association with genetic. But there is no strong evidence.
A dozen yearsDharmais Cancer Hospital, most patients was a teenager, between 13-20 years. "There are many types of tumors found in young people such as osteosarcoma (cancer originating from bone itself)," explained Budhiparama.
There are 53 types of bone cancer. In addition to osteosarcoma, type of bone cancer which many in Indonesia is khondrosarkoma (bone cancer in soft tissue) and giant cell tumor (benign tumors that destroy bone). Bone cancer that had spread to the pelvis or spine dangerous, the patient could become paralyzed.
Handling all kinds of bone cancer, which had to be amputated because of tumor mass is too large or who just scraped because it is still small.
In the 1960s only bone cancer surgery / amputation. Life expectancy at 20 percent. In the 1980s with a therapy aide, life expectancy increased to 80 percent. Now patients with malignant tumors were given chemotherapy before surgery to prevent the proliferation of tumor spread and kill children.
Today on bone cancer surgery, patients are not amputated, but cleared the tumor and surrounding soft tissue, and then taken part reconstructed with artificial bone (prosthese) or with human bone (allograft) to restore the function of tool motion. Human bone obtained from donors who were taken up to four hours after death and preserved at a temperature of - 80 degrees Celsius.
But in general, bone cancer can be divided into 2 :
Primary Bone Cancer
DEFINITIONSThere are 2 kinds of bone cancer:Metastatic bone cancer or secondary bone cancer: cancer of other organs that spread to the bone, so it is not derived from bone cancer.An example is lung cancer that spread to bone, where the cancer cells resemble lung cells and is not a bone cell.Primary bone cancer: a cancer originating from bone.Which belong to the primary bone cancer are:
* Multiple myeloma
* Osteosarkoma
* Fibrosarkoma & Histiositoma malignant fibrous
* Kondrosarkom
* Tumor Ewing
* Bone Malignant Lymphoma.
Multiple myeloma
Multiple myeloma is a primary bone cancer most often found, which is derived from bone marrow cells that produce blood cells.Generally occurs in adults.
These tumors can be on one or more bones so that pain can appear at one place or more.Complex treatment, which include chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgery.
Osteosarcoma
Osteosarcoma (Sarcoma Osteogenik) is a malignant bone tumor, which is usually associated with periods of growth velocity during adolescence.
Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant tumor found in children. On average, the disease is diagnosed at the age of 15 years.The incidence in boys and girls are the same, but in late adolescence this disease are more common in boys.
The exact cause is unknown. The evidence supports that osteosarcoma is an inherited disease.
Osteosarcoma tends to grow in the femur (lower end), the upper arm bone (top) and the tibia (upper end).The tip of these bones is an area where there is a change and the largest growth rate. However, osteosarcoma can also grow in other bones.
The most common symptom is pain. In line with the growth of tumors, also can be swelling and limited movement.Tumors in the legs cause limping patients, whereas the tumor on the arm causes pain when the arm used to lift a thing.Swelling of the tumor may be felt warm and slightly flushed.
Early signs of this disease may be a broken bone because tumors can cause bones to become weak. Fractures in the growth of tumor called a pathological fracture and often occurs after a routine movement
Inspection is usually done:
X-ray the affected bone
CT scan of the affected bone
Blood tests (including serum chemistry)
CT scan of the chest to see the spread to the lungs
Open biopsy
Skening bone to see the spread of tumors.
Before the surgery, which is usually given chemotherapy will cause tumors shrink.
Chemotherapy is also important because it will kill every tumor cell that has begun to spread.
Chemotherapy is usually given:
* High-dose Methotrexate with leukovorin
* doxorubicin (adriamycin)
* Cisplatin
* cyclophosphamide (sitoksan)
* Bleomycin.
If it has not happened spread to the lungs, the survival rate reached 60%.
About 75% of patients survive to 5 years after his illness was diagnosed.
FIBROSARKOMA & HISTIOSITOMA malignant fibrous
This cancer usually originates from soft tissue (connective tissue other than bone, the ligament, tendon, fat and muscle) and rarely originated from the bone.
This cancer usually found in elderly and middle age.
The bones most often affected are the bones in the leg, arm and jaw.
Fibrosarkoma and malignant fibrous Histiositoma similar to osteosarcoma in the form, location and symptoms. The treatment will be the same.
X-ray the affected bone
CT scan of the affected bone
Blood tests (including serum chemistry)
CT scan of the chest to see the spread to the lungs
Open biopsy
Skening bone to see the spread of tumors.
Before the surgery, which is usually given chemotherapy will cause tumors shrink.
Chemotherapy is also important because it will kill every tumor cell that has begun to spread.
Chemotherapy is usually given:
* High-dose Methotrexate with leukovorin
* doxorubicin (adriamycin)
* Cisplatin
* cyclophosphamide (sitoksan)
* Bleomycin.
If it has not happened spread to the lungs, the survival rate reached 60%.
About 75% of patients survive to 5 years after his illness was diagnosed.
FIBROSARKOMA & HISTIOSITOMA malignant fibrous
This cancer usually originates from soft tissue (connective tissue other than bone, the ligament, tendon, fat and muscle) and rarely originated from the bone.
This cancer usually found in elderly and middle age.
The bones most often affected are the bones in the leg, arm and jaw.
Fibrosarkoma and malignant fibrous Histiositoma similar to osteosarcoma in the form, location and symptoms. The treatment will be the same.
KONDROSARKOMA
is a tumor composed of cells of cartilage (cartilage) are malignant.Most kondrosarkoma grow slowly or a low-grade tumors, which often can be cured with surgery. However, some of which are high-grade tumors that tend to spread.To make a diagnosis needs to be done the biopsy.
Kondrosarkoma must be entirely removed surgically because they do not respond to chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Limb Amputation is rarely necessary. If the tumor is removed completely, more than 75% of patients survive.
TUMOR Ewing
Ewing's tumor (Ewing's Sarcoma) appears at puberty, when bones grow very fast. Rarely found in children aged less than 10 years and almost never found in children Afro-American.
Tumors can grow on any body part, most often in long bones of limbs, pelvis or chest.Tumors can also grow in the bone of the skull or other flat bones.
The symptoms most frequently complained of is pain and sometimes swelling in the affected bone. Patients also may experience fever.
The tumor is easily spread, often spread to the lungs and other bones.At the time of diagnosis, the spread has occurred almost in 30% patients.
If suspected a tumor, it is usually carried out tests to determine the location and spread of tumor:
Kondrosarkoma must be entirely removed surgically because they do not respond to chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Limb Amputation is rarely necessary. If the tumor is removed completely, more than 75% of patients survive.
TUMOR Ewing
Ewing's tumor (Ewing's Sarcoma) appears at puberty, when bones grow very fast. Rarely found in children aged less than 10 years and almost never found in children Afro-American.
Tumors can grow on any body part, most often in long bones of limbs, pelvis or chest.Tumors can also grow in the bone of the skull or other flat bones.
The symptoms most frequently complained of is pain and sometimes swelling in the affected bone. Patients also may experience fever.
The tumor is easily spread, often spread to the lungs and other bones.At the time of diagnosis, the spread has occurred almost in 30% patients.
If suspected a tumor, it is usually carried out tests to determine the location and spread of tumor:
- Chest X-bone frame
- Chest X-rays
- CT scan chest
- Skening bone
- Biopsy of the tumor.
Treatment is often a combination of:
Chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, daktinomisin, doxorubicin, ifosfamide, etoposide)
Radiation therapy tumor
Surgical treatment to remove the tumor.
Prognosis depends on the location and spread of tumors.
Lymphoma malignant bone
Malignant Lymphoma of Bone (Sarcoma Tues reticulum) usually occurs at age 40-50 years.Any bone can be derived from or originating from elsewhere in the body and then spread to the bone.These tumors usually cause pain and swelling, and broken bones more brittle.
Treatment consisted of combination chemotherapy and radiation therapy, which is as effective as removal of the tumor. Amputation is rarely necessary.
